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The Composition of the Gospel of Thomas: Original Language and Influences (Society for New Testament Studies Monograph Series), by Simon G
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This book addresses two central questions in current research on the Gospel of Thomas: what was its original language and which early Christian works influenced it? At present, theories of Thomas as a Semitic work abound. Simon Gathercole dismantles these approaches, arguing instead that Thomas is Greek literature and that the matter of Thomas's original language is connected with an even more controverted question: that of the relationship between Thomas and the canonical New Testament. Rather than being independent of Matthew, Mark and Luke (as in most Western Aramaic theories of Thomas) or thoroughly dependent on the four gospels (as in most Syriac approaches), Gathercole develops a newly refined approach to how Thomas is influenced by the Synoptic Gospels. Thomas can be seen to refer to Matthew as a gospel writer, and evidence is discussed showing that Thomas incorporates phraseology distinctive to Luke, while also extending that special Lukan language.
- Sales Rank: #2447238 in eBooks
- Published on: 2012-03-01
- Released on: 2012-03-01
- Format: Kindle eBook
About the Author
Simon Gathercole is Senior Lecturer in New Testament Studies at the University of Cambridge and Fellow and Director of Studies in Theology at Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge. He is the author of Where is Boasting? Early Jewish Soteriology and Paul's Response in Romans 1-5 (2002), The Preexistent Son: Recovering the Christologies of Matthew, Mark, and Luke (2006) and The Gospel of Judas: Rewriting Early Christianity (2007). He is co-editor (with L. T. Stuckenbruck and S. D. E. Weeks) of The Book of Tobit (2004) and (with J. M. G. Barclay) Divine and Human Agency in Paul and his Cultural Environment (2008).
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5 of 6 people found the following review helpful.
Commendable conservative Christian critical investigation of Thomas scholarship
By D. Peter Humphrys
Simon Gathercole, former student of James Dunn, has taken a very intense look at the issue of the arguments for the original language of and influences upon the composition of the Gospel of Thomas.
As such, it address two key questions. Firstly, in part one of the book (125 pages), what is the original language of its composition? It is Greek, not any form of Semitic (Aramaic, Syriac) though some Semitic traces from his original sources may remain.
In parts two and three, Gathercole addresses the issues of influence and the directionality of that influence. Part Two (96 pages) examines the relationship between Thomas and the Synoptic Gospels where he contends that Thomas was influenced by the Synoptics even if through secondary orality in some cases. In part three, (roughly 60 pages), he examines Thomas and other early Christian literature, where he also argues that Thomas is a aware of Paul (Romans) and the Epistle to the Hebrews. However, Gathercole is careful not to overstate the dependence of Thomas on writings which were later recognized as canonical, though he clearly rejects the idea that Thomas was independent - had no knowledge - of the these writings.
The style of writing is very densse and he interacts with a very large number of scholars which can make for some painful reading unless one really is into Thomas scholarship - I must admit to some headaches at times. Thankfully he uses footnotes rather than endnotes and his bibliography is quite thorough. One source arguing for a Greek composition which he seems to have missed is John Horman's, A Common Written Greek Source for Mark and Thomas (2011), published slightly one year in advance of this book - though he does cite an earlier article of Horman's (1979).
In examining any ancient document I want to know who, when, and why such was written. I take Gathercole to be unwilling to take a firm position on this regarding Thomas since the evidence is simply not strong enough to support any one position and this for me is problematic since I could argue nearly the same thing about the canonical gospels, within the range which scholars usually attribute these works or the issue of authorship for that matter. With Thomas he is into the camp of anonymity with a latter authorial inscription, yet I do not know how he assesses the Synoptics on this issue, in other words, does he trust church tradition or not? True these issues are not his two main questions, language and influences, but they do seem to me to bear on how one will read the data and put the evidence togehter to make one's case.
In any event, the general reader should know that this book is written for primarily other scholars, it is not an easy or quick light read by any means. He does not translate his foreign language citations, French, German, Spanish? (with which I remember struggling) and he seems to assume ability in Semitic (Aramaic, Syriac, Hebtew), Greek, and Coptic, languages; however, the book is still intelligible for the most part if you lack any or all of these. In other words, students lacking certain skill sets could successfully use this book in researching and writing a paper, but there will be difficulties at certain points, but they will not likely be very significant in the bigger picture.
Overall, this is an extremely valuable contribution to Thomas scholarship and I expect that scholars will be interacting with it for a long time to come.
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